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不是推荐大家读中文译本,最好选择自己最熟悉的某一种外语去读原版。中国严苛的出版审查制度逼迫每一个热爱知识的人必须一步步扔掉中文这个拐杖,去习惯阅读外语。拄着拐杖是走不远的,扔掉它才能 拥抱自由

前几天看到历史学家王笛的作品《茶馆:成都公共生活的衰落与复兴(1950–2000)》出版一事因不可抗力 被迫叫停,让人深有感触。如果一本书有多种语言,简体中文书籍总是应该作为最后的选项甚至忽略的对象。如果是中文的话,可以优先考虑繁体中文版,当然阅读英文原版是最好的,特别值得一提的是,很多关于中国研究的英文书籍,尽管翻译的意思没有问题,但阅读简体中文往往没有作者想表达的那种情绪,它们或调皮、或幽默、或讽刺,经常让人会心一笑。如果阅读简体中文版,大概就不得不接受语感上的阉割和用词上的审查。

以《茶馆》这本书为例,它最初是由康奈尔大学出版社 2018 年出版的 英文版,2022 年由香港中文大学翻译出版 繁体中文版,简体中文版本计划由四川人民出版社于今年出版,但目前已夭折。
TomBen’s Web Excursions
China’s Extreme Inequality: The Structural Legacies of State Socialism With modest income differences and virtually no private wealth four decades ago, China’s inequalities of income and wealth are now almost as extreme as in the United States and Russia.…
今天看了两篇关于中国收入不平等的论文:

Simon Xiao Bin, Zhao, Wong David Wai Ho, Shao Chen Han, and Liu Kai Ming. 2024. “Rising Income and Wealth Inequality in China: Empirical Assessments and Theoretical Reflections.” Journal of Contemporary China 33 (147): 544–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2023.2172553.

Yang, Xiuna, Terry Sicular, and Björn Gustafsson. 2023. “China’s Prosperous Middle Class and Consumption-Led Economic Growth: Lessons from Household Survey Data.” The China Quarterly, September, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741023001261.

加上之前分享的 The China Journal 上的这一篇,放在一起可以组个系列,标题就叫做「人矿是如何炼成的——论中国经济的极端不平等」。
张维迎:如今中国不友好的国际环境的原因分析

以往的观念认为,国际关系就是利益关系,国家之间的冲突源自于利益冲突。但近代以来尤其是二战后新建的国际关系已经发生了改变,国家之间除了利益关系还包含价值关系。就是说,国与国之间交往的时候,不仅讲利害,也讲是非,就像人与人之间的交往一样,道不同不相为谋。并且,当价值与利益相悖时,价值观念经常会成为主导力量。这是人类百年来的进步。

所谓价值观,简言之即人们对正义、善恶的理解。西方世界的价值观有三个重要观念:人权、种族平等和先进帮助后进。

2007 年之前东部的 GDP 增长率一直高于中部和西部,但 2007 年之后反而是西部的增长率位于首位,中部次之,东部最低。还有一系列的证据表明近五到十年来,各省市市场化程度与 GDP 增长率呈负相关关系。

原因很简单:西部的市场化改革起步晚,因而在后期具有了「后发优势」。东部 1997 年和 2001 年的市场化程度,分别超过西部 2006 年和 2014 年的市场化程度。

更多的实证证据可以用来证实市场化与经济增长之间的正向关系。包括中国城镇国有部门(或者私人部门)就业比重、国有(或外资与私人)工业资产比重等指标与人均 GDP 及增长率的相关关系等等,毫无例外地证明:国有部门越大的地区,经济增长速度越慢;与国进民退的地区相比,国退民进的地区有更高的增长业绩。

中国过去 40 年的增长大部分靠的是技术后发优势提供的套利机会,中国企业家和西方企业都可以靠套利赚钱。随着套利空间的收缩,今后的发展则越来越依赖创新。

无论用企业数量、就业人数,还是工业资产,平均而言,国有部门比重越大的地区,创新能力越低;私有和外企比重越大的地区,创新能力越高。

上述证据表明,「中国模式论」严重不符合事实。中国过去 40 年的高增长,来自于市场化、企业家精神和西方三百年的技术积累,而不是所谓的「中国模式」。
The Story of Hachiko: Japan’s Favorite Dog 忠犬八公的故事

They allowed him to sleep under their bed, wrapped in fabric. Then, they placed ice bags on his forehead to cool him and used bags of hot water to keep his body warm.

This kind of treatment toward pets was unusual then and showed just how much professor Ueno loved Hachiko.

Over several months, Hachiko eventually grew stronger. But Ueno continued to dote on his furry friend. He brushed his thick fur daily and fed him rich meals of rice with broth, milk, and liver. And he took him on long walks with his other two dogs.

The funny thing is that Hachiko wasn’t trying to be noble or to leave a legacy. But perhaps that’s why he’s remembered so fondly today. He is an example of the kind of unconditional love that only a dog can provide.
TomBen’s Web Excursions
chairman-maos-children.pdf
Generation and the Politics of Memory in China: Sociologist Bin Xu on Chairman Mao’s Children

This strategy of dealing with the difficult past is quite prevalent in many forms of memory. I call this pattern of memory “people but not the event”—talking about the zhiqing, especially their positive dimensions, but not evaluating the send-down program as a historical event, let alone the Cultural Revolution, which heavily overlapped with the program.

To some extent, this pattern of “people but not the event” is the minimum consensus among people with different views of the event—who does not want to talk about the good things about themselves?

What do you think continues to bring former zhiqing together when there seems to be such an aversion to engaging with their shared past experiences?

On the one hand, even a painful, controversial past can bring people who experienced the past together because even misery could lead to commiseration and commemoration. On the other hand, if a certain past is too controversial and could instantly provoke debates among those who experienced the past, then the best way for them to get together is not to talk too much about the past. Rather, as described in my book, downplaying and even forgetting the past is the obvious choice. Therefore, “happy together” rather than “never forget” becomes their slogan.

I also want to emphasize that this “happy together” pattern has its political and social limits. Some groups do not have the luxury of forgetting the past because their past still lives in the present; they feel the pain on a daily basis. They are still regularly petitioning the authorities to change various kinds of problems related to their pensions and hukou.
Open Windows

October has arrived, and it is objectively the best month of the year.

When the sun sets, the lead weight of summer lifts from our chests, and we know windows-open weather is nearly here.

Open windows invite many things. The cool weather comes in, of course, but so do other aspects of nature. Mockingbirds and blue jays dominate the conversation with their harsh calls, although the cicadas drown them out, their song coming and going in waves. The lighter whistles of titmice and cardinals flutter about in between. Neighborhood children send their laughter out on the breeze. Occasionally, the lazy growl of jet engines passes by overhead. Doves coo mournfully in the quiet pauses.

At night, the sounds change. The crickets and nightjars take over with a subtlety befitting of the dark. Great horned owls haunt the trees. But animals aren’t the only things to slink in through open windows in October. Just as the barrier between in and out fades with cooler weather, so too does the veil between worlds. We let ourselves believe in the things we can’t see, even if only for this month. We crave the chill that creeps over us. We open the windows and see what ventures in.
TomBen’s Web Excursions
实地考察在农村挣一百块钱需要多久 https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Bj411y72a
Scott Rozelle(罗斯高)在 Invisible China 的开篇写过这样一个小故事:

> Whenever I bring students, colleagues, or prospective donors to rural China for the first time, I ask the same question. I pull a hundred-yuan bill from my pocket and hold it up. “You see this?” I say, looking around theatrically. “Whoever can find a working-age man in this village gets one hundred yuan. He has to be between eighteen and forty, and he has to be healthy.” Everyone laughs, thinking one of them is about to make some easy money. But every time, as we go around the village, no young men appear. By day’s end, I always win my bet.

尽管罗斯高说写 Invisible China 这本书的目的是希望中国能够避免阻碍自身崛起的问题,并且希望中国变得更好,跨越中等收入陷阱:It is the product of decades of firsthand research. Not only that, it is written in the spirit of hope—hope that China will find solutions to its current problems。然而不幸的是,他的很多预言性警告如今都成为了现实,比如关于就业问题:

> Hundreds of thousands of good jobs for common people are being lost. (…) For now it seems that most Chinese workers are still doing fine. The unemployment rate remains low, and most people still report that they can find new jobs. But the wheels of change are turning, and the current equilibrium will not last forever.

Invisible China 这本书出版于 2020 年,最好的阅读时间是刚出版的 3 年前,其次则是现在。

Rozelle, Scott, and Natalie Hell. 2020. Invisible China: How the Urban-Rural Divide Threatens China’s Rise. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226740515.001.0001.
TomBen’s Web Excursions
https://twitter.com/kongque_chinese/status/1710105022015713633
This proposal addresses the varying regional conventions for four quotation marks, which is a real-world issue for Pan-CJK fonts that support multiple East Asian languages and regions, particularly in “plain text” environments with limited font-selection capability, or in environments that lack support for per-character language-tagging. Issues arise when mainstream fonts that include both proportional (for Western or East Asian use) and full-width (for East Asian use) forms of the same character, and whereby the possibility of use in the same document is relatively high.

https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23212-quotes-svs-proposal.pdf
The mRNA enthusiast’s memoirs

One day in 1997, University of Pennsylvania molecular biologist Katalin (Kati) Ka rikó met a new hire at the photocopier who would change the trajectory of her research forever.

Her grant proposals to study the therapeutic potential of mRNA continued to get rejected. She had no budget, no staff, and very little prestige.

“Do not blame,” wrote Selye. “Focus on what you can control. Transform bad stress into good stress.” This advice would serve Karikó well over the course of her nearly four-decade-long academic career, a period, she writes, in which she was belittled, ignored, demoted, and even threatened with deportation when her research did not win government grants or private funding.

Karikó compares her science with her daughter’s rowing. The crew rows backward, she observes, without a view of the finish line. Just as she has done in the lab, they must trust that if they give it their all, their hard work will bring them to the right destination.

Karikó’s discovery found a meaningful application during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the story of synthetic mRNA technology will not end here.

In the next decade, she predicts, there will be an explosion of new mRNA therapies and vaccines. Her moving memoir offers a fascinating glimpse into the dead ends and hard work that led up to this important discovery, while highlighting critical shortcomings in the scientific reward system.
The China Books Review is a digital magazine that publishes insightful, intelligent commentary on all things China books-related.

https://chinabooksreview.com
虽然还没有获得 GPT-4V 的使用权限,但 DALL·E 3 真是太好玩了!

DALL·E 3 申请链接
Remarks by President Biden on the Terrorist Attacks in Israel

You know, there are moments in this life — and I mean this literally — when the pure, unadulterated evil is unleashed on this world.

The brutality of Hamas — this bloodthirstiness — brings to mind the worst — the worst rampages of ISIS.

This is terrorism.
Orville Schell’s China Bookshelf

There are pictures of my kids, and a quote from Lu Xun: “This is my wish, friend, a journey alone to a distant world of darkness without you, without all shadow. … I shall move into darkness, I shall drift into the land of nothing.” It’s pretty nihilistic. I admire Lu Xun’s infatuation with darkness, because we live in a very dark world.

朋友,時候近了。我將向黑暗裡徬徨於無地。你還想我的贈品。我能獻你甚麼呢?無已,則仍是黑暗和虛空而已。但是,我願意只是黑暗,或者會消失於你的白天;我願意只是虛空,決不佔你的心地。

我願意這樣,朋友——我獨自遠行,不但沒有你,並且再沒有別的影在黑暗裡。只有我被黑暗沈沒,那世界全屬於我自己。

來源:魯迅. 1924. “影的告別.” 語絲, no. 4 (December): 7–8.
NASA 科学家 Ivan Perez 在 Pandoc 邮件列表 中分享了他如何使用 Pandoc 撰写文档和论文。Pandoc 作者 John MacFarlane 回复道:

> When I was a kid I was obsessed with astronomy and space exploration, and naturally a gigantic fan of NASA. So it is gratifying to hear that pandoc contributes in some small way!

A really great and successful story.
2025/07/07 19:56:59
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